Bashkirs are one of the peoples of the Volga region who profess Islam. Bashkortostan plays an important role in the formation and development of the religion of Allah in the territory of the Russian Federation. Ufa is currently considered one of the Islamic centers of the country, since it is here that the residence of the Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims (TsDUM of Russia) is located.
The penetration of Islam into the territory of modern Bashkortostan began back in the 8th century. The finds made in the Ishimbai region of the republic, where Arabic coins of that period were found, can serve as proof of this. However, it would be more correct to associate the beginning of the spread of the Muslim faith in the region with the first half of the 10th century, when Islam was adopted as the official religion in Volga Bulgaria. But at that time, this state included only the western part of Bashkiria, while the majority of the indigenous population still adhered to their former beliefs. Ahmad ibn Fadlan, who visited the Bashkir lands in the 10th century, described that some locals already professed Islam, while paganism was widespread among the majority. This is evidenced by the graves found in those years. Over the next two centuries, Islam spread actively in the Bashkir steppes and by the 12th century it had become the dominant religion. In particular, in the work of the XVI century "The essence of information" it is indicated that the Bashkirs converted to Islam in the middle of the XII century. During the same period, missionary activity from the regions of Central Asia intensified. It is known that the dervishes of the Yasawiya and Naqshbandiya orders went to Bashkiria in order to plant Sufism in this area. Active distribution The intensive Islamization of the Bashkirs occurred in the Golden Horde era. In the first century, there was no concept of an official religion in the Jochi Ulus, for this reason, local residents could freely practice their faiths. Against this background, Islam was actively spreading in the Horde, which was facilitated by ties with Muslim states (in particular, with the Arab Caliphate), as well as preaching activities. The young religion was accepted by both representatives of the Horde nobility and the common people. The ruler of the Golden Horde, Berke, became the first Muslim khan on the throne of the Jochi Ulus. He did not dare to proclaim Islam as the state religion, but he patronized Muslims and encouraged the construction of mosques and madrassas throughout the Golden Horde, including modern Bashkortostan. It was during this period that the Asiyevskaya Mosque was erected, which until the 18th century was considered the central mosque of Bashkiria. In addition to religious practices, important meetings were held there with the participation of delegates from all over the region. Islamization of the entire Horde became widespread during the reign of Khan Uzbek, who declared Islam the state religion. Since that period, Bashkirs have also become Muslims en masse, although in some areas the locals were reluctant to abandon the beliefs of their ancestors. The main mission to spread Islam was entrusted to the representative of Khan Uzbek Hussein bey, who went down in history as the "first imam of Bashkiria." He served as a Sharia judge, and was actually responsible for educating and promoting Muslim values in the region. Final consolidation After the collapse of the Golden Horde, the territories of modern Bashkortostan were part of the Kazan and Siberian khanates. In both of these states, Islam was the state religion. At that time, the vast majority of the population professed Islam in the Bashkir lands, thus it finally gained a foothold here. In the 16th century, Bashkiria became part of Russia on the basis of a treaty. One of the main conditions put forward by the Bashkirs was the free practice of Islam. At the initial stage, the region was de facto autonomous within the Russian Empire, and the locals led their own way of life. But in the 17th century, the tsarist government made a number of attempts to Christianize the Bashkirs, which led to popular uprisings. One of these was the Seitovo rebellion (1681-1684), which broke out for several reasons, including the decree of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich on the forced baptism of the Bashkir people (1681). However, three years later, the tsarist authorities were forced to make concessions to the rebels and abandon the idea of Christianizing the Bashkirs.
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